1.Biomimicry — Cow-Stomach Inspired Design: ECOSTP’s STP (sewage treatment plant) is modeled on the digestive process of a cow’s stomach. Their technology replicates how microbes in a cow’s gut break down waste.

2.Anaerobic Digestion using Microbial Communities: The system uses anaerobic bacteria (seeded from substrates such as cow-dung) to digest sewage without oxygen or energy-intensive aeration.

3.Gravity-Driven Flow & Sedimentation / Bio-filtration: Wastewater flows through a series of chambers and baffles by gravity, allowing solids to settle and microbes to act on the sewage — no pumps or electricity required.

4.Low-Maintenance, Zero-Power & Zero-Chemical Operation: The system avoids motors, blowers, or chemical additives — making it “zero-power, zero-chemical, zero-operator.”

5.Research & R&D Innovations (Beyond Basic STP): They are developing a special anaerobic bacteria strain (code-named “PEB” — Phenol-Eating Bacteria) to degrade persistent pollutants like phenols or surfactants.

6.They are exploring conversion of sludge / digestate into value-added products like biochar or hydrochar via pyrolysis — aiming for a waste-to-resource circular solution. .They are also investigating novel internal reactor structures (surface morphology, biofilm-friendly design) to optimize microbial adhesion, enhance bio-reactor efficiency and improve overall pollutant removal while keeping energy footprint minimal.